A2L and VRF systems: from operational challenges to new opportunities for the HVAC/R sector

The use of A2L refrigerants in VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) systems represents one of the most significant transformations in modern air conditioning.

These refrigerants, characterized by low flammability and a low GWP , enable the development of more sustainable systems without sacrificing the flexibility and efficiency typical of VRF solutions. Their adoption introduces new design challenges, but at the same time opens up concrete opportunities for the refrigeration and air conditioning sector.

A2L in VRF systems: what technical challenges do designers and installers face?

Integrating A2L refrigerants into VRF systems requires a more rigorous engineering approach than traditional refrigerants. The main critical issues include:

• compatibility of components (compressors, valves, pipes, exchangers) with the operating pressures and with the safety standards dedicated to slightly flammable refrigerants;
• charge limits and design requirements , which require more precise evaluations of volumes, pipe slopes, room ventilation and choice of refrigerant paths;
• compliance with international standards , such as EN 378 and ATEX requirements for some application contexts;
• loss risk management , which requires adequate detection systems and advanced control logic.

These aspects affect the entire life cycle of the system: from design to installation to periodic maintenance. Understanding regulatory constraints and safety considerations is therefore crucial to ensuring long-term stability and performance.

How to turn A2L criticalities into a competitive advantage

The transition to A2L is not just a regulatory adjustment: for many companies it can represent a strategic accelerator.

VRF systems designed for the use of low GWP refrigerants offer:

• higher energy efficiency thanks to more precise regulation logic and better management of refrigerant flow rates;
• reduction of losses and longer life of components, the result of a more rigorous plant engineering approach;
• full compliance with European regulations , avoiding future complex and costly reconversions;
• enhancing the offering among customers who require more sustainable solutions compatible with decarbonization objectives.

Companies that invest in training on A2L refrigerants and the adoption of certified components can differentiate themselves through design reliability, technical expertise, and the ability to respond to the new needs of the HVAC/R market.

A transition that accelerates the evolution of VRF systems

The use of A2L in VRFs is not just about replacing a refrigerant: it represents a paradigm shift.

These systems, already appreciated for their modularity, application flexibility and high seasonal efficiency , take on a more important role also in residential, commercial and tertiary contexts oriented towards reducing environmental impact.

The spread of A2L contributes to:

• expand the use of VRFs in buildings with stringent energy requirements,
• promote intelligent plant architectures that can be integrated with other sources,
• Accelerate process innovation for manufacturers, designers, and installers.

A complex challenge, therefore, but also an opportunity to consolidate new skills and develop solutions that anticipate future industry standards.